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Monday 9 June 2014

Cardio Fitness Fitness Motivation Quotes Models Inspiration Motivational Quotes Women Logo Girl First Selfies

Cardio Fitness Biography

Source:- Google.com.pk

The circulatory system functions to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues for growth and metabolism, and to remove metabolic wastes. The heart pumps blood through a circuit that includes arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. One important circuit is the pulmonary circuit, where there is an exchange of gases within the alveoli of the lung. The right side of the human heart receives deoxygenated blood from body tissues and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the tissues. With increased exercise, several changes occur within the circulatory system, thus increasing the delivery of oxygen to actively respiring muscles cells. These changes include increased heart rate, increased blood flow to muscular tissue, decreased blood flow to non-muscular tissue, increased arterial pressure, increased body temperature and increased breathing rate.

Harvard Step Test - a measure of cardio fitness

The Harvard Step Test is a type of cardiac stress test for detecting and/or diagnosing cardiovascular disease. It also is a good measurement of fitness, and your ability to recover after a strenuous exercise. The more quickly your heart rate returns to resting, the better shape you are in.[1] The Harvard Step Test was developed by researchers at Harvard University during World War II in order to test the cardiovascular fitness of military recruits, and today is used to gauge an individual’s relative cardiac fitness.[2] The test computes the capability to exercise continuously for extended intervals of time without tiring, so it is a test of endurance. The test is conducted by having a person step up and down on a platform at a height of about 45 cm. at a rate of 30 steps per minute for 5 minutes or until they reach a state of exhaustion. Exhaustion is the point at which the subject cannot maintain the stepping rate for 15 seconds. The subject immediately sits down on completion of the test, and the heartbeats are counted for 1 to 1.5, 2 to 2.5, and 3 to 3.5 minutes. Then the recovery index (RI) is calculated as follows:

Using the RI value and the chart below the overall cardiac fitness rating may be determined:

Cardiac Fitness Rating Using Harvard Step Test (for 16-year-olds using a 45cm step)[3]

Gender Excellent Above Average Average Below Average Poor

Male >90 80-90 65-79 55-64 <55

Female >86 76-86 61-75 50-60 <50

There are several factors that can influence the results of the Harvard Step Test, such as height of the bench stepped on as well as weight and height of the subject, so the relative cardiac fitness of an individual is not measured solely based on this test.

Blood pressure

An important measurable aspect of the circulatory system is blood pressure. When the ventricles of the heart contract, pressure is increased throughout the arteries. Arterial blood pressure is directly dependent on the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute and the resistance to blood flow through the arterioles. The arterial blood pressure is determined using a device known as a sphygmomanometer. This device consists of an inflatable cuff connected by rubber hoses to a hand pump and to a pressure gauge graduated in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). The cuff is wrapped around the upper arm and inflated to a pressure that will shut off the brachial artery. The examiner listens for the sounds of blood flow in the brachial artery by placing the bell of a stethoscope in the inside of the elbow below the biceps. At rest, the blood normally goes through the arteries so that the blood in the central part of the artery moves faster than the blood in the peripheral part. Under these conditions, the artery is silent when one listens. When the sphygmomanometer cuff is inflated to a pressure above the systolic pressure, the flow of blood is stopped and the artery is silent again. As the pressure in the cuff gradually drops to levels between the systolic and diastolic pressures of the artery, the blood is pushed through the compressed walls of the artery in a turbulent flow. Under these conditions, the blood is mixed, and the turbulence sets up vibrations in the artery that are heard as sounds in the stethoscope. These sounds are known as the heart sounds or sounds of Korotkoff. The sounds are divided into five phases based on the loudness and quality of the sounds.

Phase 1. A loud, clear tapping sound is evident that increases in intensity as the cuff is deflated.

Phase 2. A succession of murmurs can be heard. Sometimes the sounds seem to disappear during this time that may be a result of inflating or deflating the cuff too slowly.

Phase 3. A loud, thumping sound, similar to that in Phase 1 but less clear, replaces the murmurs.

Phase 4. A muffled sound abruptly replaces the thumping sounds of Phase 3.

Phase 5. All sounds disappear.

The cuff pressure at which the first sound is heard (that is, the beginning of Phase 1) is taken as the systolic pressure. The cuff pressure with the muffled sound (Phase 4) disappears (the beginning of Phase 5). is taken as the measurement of the diastolic pressure. A normal blood pressure measurement for a given individual depends on a person's age, sex, heredity, and environment. When these factors are taken into account, blood pressure measurements that are chronically elevated may indicate a state deleterious to the health of the person. This condition is called hypertension and is a major contributing factor in heart disease, kidney disease and stroke. A healthy blood pressure is defined as one whose systolic value is less than 120 mm Hg and whose diastolic value is less than 80 mm Hg.

The table below shows the classification of blood pressure adopted by the American Heart Association for adults who are 18 years and older:

Cardio Fitness Fitness Motivation Quotes Models Inspiration Motivational Quotes Women Logo Girl First Selfies

1 comment:

Groomy15 September 2018 at 04:05
Talking about fitness, it is one important thing that is must to have in life because now days people are so busy that they do not get time to work out and stay fit. I think I need to sell free Workout Leggings, in order to make them move from their place. Anyways, it was fun going through this post.
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