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Saturday 14 June 2014

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Commercial Fitness Equipment Biography

Source:- Google.com.pk

Sai Works is Fitness Equipment Manufacturer in India, engaged in the Manufacture & Supply of Fitness Equipment, Commercial Gym Equipment, Health Club Equipment and Strength Equipment.

We understand the necessity to be healthy in today’s fast growing world and develop gym equipment that with stand rigorous to light exercises. Easy to operate and bio-mechanically superior Fitness Equipment can be easily installed in homes as well as commercial fitness center. Our engineers give meticulous attention to every detail while manufacturing these precision engineered fitness equipments.

Our production unit is well equipped with latest machines that are required to perform various manufacturing processes to bring out Quality Health Equipment. At our sophisticated in-house design unit the gym equipment are continuously improved to provide to achieve high quality standards as well as clients satisfaction.

Fitness System: Our fitness equipment are the culmination of years of in house research and development. We have become an essential resource to sports and fitness conscious clients around the nation.

Infrastructure: We have hired some qualified professionals who are well-trained in different dynamics of the industry. Keeping pace with the trend of modernization, we have brought about sophisticated machineries and testing equipments to manufacture high standard of products. We take pride in our large production unit, which is spread over an area of 2000 sq. mtr. Our ultra modern manufacturing facility is well equipped with state of the art machines and tools that ensure smooth production of flawless exercise equipment. Our infrastructure comprises of all the machines required to undertake processes such as metal cutting & casting, fabrication, welding, galvanization & coating, pad printing, sewing, etc. We have following machines at our manufacturing unit:

• Drilling Machine

• Lathe Machine

• Welding Machine

• Moulding Machine

• Heavy Pipe Bender

• Grinding Machine

• Milling Machine

Further at our in-house design unit we undertake product design and development with the help of computer aided designs. We constantly upgrade our fitness machine as per the technological changes and the requirements in the fast flourishing industry. This also facilitates us in manufacturing client desired exercise equipment.

Network:

The efficient network plays a significant role in the success of our business. We have been successfully supplying the products all over India. The well-coordinated network is the key to our brilliant track record of timely delivery.

Quality: We lay strong emphasis on the quality of our health equipment that bear ISI mark owing to their high quality. We have a team of trained quality auditors who inspect every stage of production from design to fabrication to ensure that our clients get the best fitness equipments. We strictly adhere to international quality standards and check all the commercial Gym Equipment on following parameters:

• Powder coating

• Polishing

• Welding

• Finishing

• Dimensional accuracy

• Tensile strength

These tests assure our customers of the integrity of our Health Club Equipment. We continually improve quality standards through our quality control programs covering every phase, from raw materials to the finished equipments.

Research & development: We invest a huge share of our revenue in the research and development of our health club equipment. We constantly explore innovative and creative ways to improve the existing gym equipment and design new ones for our fitness conscious clients. Our present position in the industry is the result of rigorous research carried out by our professionals.

Customization: Our organization is adequately equipped to Manufacture Exercise Equipments in accordance with clients’ requirements. Our professionals work in close co-ordination with the clients to thoroughly understand their requirements and deign & engineers the gym equipment accordingly. We adopt innovative procedures to fulfill customer expectations in terms of product design and developments.

Stock:

We have huge stock of different types of gym instruments in our collection. We have massive warehouse facility which enables us to hold the huge stock. The warehouses are well-maintained and well-furnished so as to ensure safety from all kinds of damages during the storage period. For more than a decade, we have been serving the industry with premium quality products. Following the trend of consistent development, we have added many feathers in our crown. The R&D department is in constant search of new innovation. We thrive to achieve customers’ satisfaction by providing international standard products at the most effective price structure.

Client Satisfaction: We provide high level of integrity, quality and commitment to our reputed clients who are spread across the country. We work with client space on our CAD system to lay out room on paper to ensure client will be happy with the outcome before investing. Owing to our zeal for perfection we deliver reliable Fitness Equipments aim at total customer satisfaction. We strive to exceed our clients’ expectations by offering exclusive health equipment and unsurpassed standards of excellence in our services. We invite feed back from our clients to reinforce our commitment to deliver quality health equipment.

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Many of our products can be made to order. For custom sizes, simply request a quote for a custom mat and one of our friendly sales representatives will email you a written quote. If you would like to speak with them directly you can always call 877-777-6287 and they will be happy to help in any way needed. All purchases are completely secure and your satisfaction is 100% guaranteed. We know there are many places to shop online and want to thank you for choosing to shop with us. Below is a categorized list of the many products we carry.

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Yoga Supplies: Yoga mats, yoga blocks, yoga straps, yoga bolsters, yoga blankets, yoga bags and many other yoga products including a large selection of eco yoga products such as eco yoga mats (rubber mats, cotton yoga mats and clean PVC yoga mats), bamboo yoga blocks, wood blocks, and cork blocks.

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Eco-Friendly Products.Industrial Mats.Commercial Mats.

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Dance Equipment: Ballet bars (wall mounted ballet bar or free standing ballet bar), vinyl dance floor - dance studio flooring, and glassless mirrors.

Kids Products: Play mats, puzzle mats, tumbling mats, kids nap mats, rest mats, cots, yoga mats for kids, mattress protectors, bean bag chairs, kids playroom flooring, and daycare supplies.

Meditation Supplies: Meditation cushions (zafu pillow and zabuton mat), meditation benches, meditation music, meditation pillows and more.

Pillows and Comfort Products: Body pillows, maternity pillows, pregnancy pillows, mattress covers, silk eye pillows and more.

Wrestling and Martial Arts Equipment: Wrestling mats, wrestling mat tape, mat cleaner, wall padding, martial arts mats, MMA mats, karate mats, grappling mats and more.

MatsMatsMats.com

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Home Door Mats & More.Gymnastics Equipment & Ballet Bars.Exercise Mats & Accessories.Wrestling Mats & Martial Arts Mats.

Yoga Mats & Meditation Cushions & More. Kids Play Mats & Products.Body Pillows & Other Comfort Products.

Eco-Friendly Products.Industrial Mats.Commercial Mats.

MATS FOR THE GYM, HOME AND OFFICE...QUALITY MATS AT GREAT PRICES!

Dance Equipment: Ballet bars (wall mounted ballet bar or free standing ballet bar), vinyl dance floor - dance studio flooring, and glassless mirrors.

Kids Products: Play mats, puzzle mats, tumbling mats, kids nap mats, rest mats, cots, yoga mats for kids, mattress protectors, bean bag chairs, kids playroom flooring, and daycare supplies.

Meditation Supplies: Meditation cushions (zafu pillow and zabuton mat), meditation benches, meditation music, meditation pillows and more.

Pillows and Comfort Products: Body pillows, maternity pillows, pregnancy pillows, mattress covers, silk eye pillows and more.

Wrestling and Martial Arts Equipment: Wrestling mats, wrestling mat tape, mat cleaner, wall padding, martial arts mats, MMA mats, karate mats, grappling mats and more.

Commercial Fitness Equipment Fitness Motivation Quotes Models Inspiration Motivational Quotes Women Logo Girl First Selfies

Friday 13 June 2014

Fitness Machine Fitness Motivation Quotes Models Inspiration Motivational Quotes Women Logo Girl First Selfies

Fitness Machine Biography

Source:- Google.com.pk

An exercise machine is any machine used for physical exercise. These range from simple spring-like devices to computerized electromechanical rides to recirculating-stream swimming pools. Most exercise machines incorporate an Ergometer. An Ergometer is an apparatus for measuring the work a person exerts while exercising as used in training or cardiac stress tests or other medical tests.

Weight machines[edit]

Main article: Weight machine

Weight machines use gravity as the primary source of resistance, and a combination of simple machines to convey that resistance, to the person using the machine. Each of the simple machines (pulley, lever, wheel, incline) changes the mechanical advantage of the overall machine relative to the weight.

Other kinds of resistance machines[edit]

Friction machines

Spring-loaded machines (such as Bowflex)

Fan-loaded machines

Fluid-loaded machines

Bullworker

Hydraulic Equipment

Whole body vibration

Outdoor gym

Pneumatic exercise equipment

Soloflex

StretchTrainer

Endless-path machines[edit]

The Gymnasticon, an early exercise machine resembling a stationary bicycle

Stationary bicycles[edit]

Exercise bicycle

Running/Walking machines[edit]

Treadmill

Elliptical trainer

Elliptical machines[edit]

Ellipticals (elliptical machines) are a combination of stair-climbing and a treadmill. Generally it contains two tracks upon which the user stands; when he or she moves his or her legs, they describe an elliptical motion (hence the machine name). Some ellipticals have magnetic resistance controls that add difficulty to doing the motion.

Glider machines[edit]

This machine allows the user to stand on two separate foot pedals and use their own muscles to create the movement. The stabilized movement can be likened to that of a "swing set" for each leg.

Climbing machines[edit]

Also named stair-climbing machines, they work the user's legs as he/she pumps pedals up and down, much like climbing stairs. Some climbing machines have handles to push and pull to exercise the whole body.

Rowing machines[edit]

Rowing machines, also named rowers, simulate the body movements of using a rowing boat.Ready to get seriously strong and lean? Turn to the Bio Force home gym, which offers more exercises (over 100) and more weight (up to 220 pounds) than most other gyms on the market. The Bio Force gym is equipped with breakthrough Total NitroCell Technology, which creates a consistent weight resistance throughout your entire range of motion. As a result, the weights won't stall or grab as you start or finish an exercise--a must if you want to tone properly. In addition, the Bio Force offers a Slide-n-Lock weight-changing system, which makes it easy to switch single-handedly from 10 pounds to 220 pounds without getting off the machine. No more moving dangerous weight plates or awkwardly adjusting the machine's bows; instead, you'll change resistance effortlessly as you move between exercises. Best of all, the Bio Force gym works for everyone, whether you want to build big, ripped muscles or long, lean, sexy muscles.

The home gym includes several stations, with multiple arm articulations, an adjustable leg developer, a lat tower, and a two-position seat. Plus, the compact design takes up as little space as the average treadmill, with roll-about wheels for easy transport. To get you started, the Bio Force gym comes an owner's manual outlining more than 100 body-shaping exercises, two exercise charts (one for men and one for women), and Eric Lichter's Bio Force workout DVD, which shows you the proper form and technique for a variety of popular movements. The Bio Force home gym measures 65 by 82 by 52.75 inches (W x H x D) and weighs 174 pounds. Some assembly is required.

About Home Gyms

While offering the convenience of working out in the comfort and privacy of your own home, home gyms also allow you to focus on specific routines without having to wait in line or switch between a complex array of machines. In addition to improving strength, power, coordination, and muscular endurance, weight training can enhance weight reduction, enhance the immune and cardiovascular systems, and help prevent injuries. In general, home gym machines are compact units designed to strengthen and exercise many parts of the body. While no single home gym can provide a complete strength training solution, they are a convenient way to combine many exercises into a single unit. Some home gyms focus exclusively on upper-body workouts, while other, more advanced units focus on upper- and lower-body conditioning.

Fitness Machine Fitness Motivation Quotes Models Inspiration Motivational Quotes Women Logo Girl First Selfies

Fitness Centers Fitness Motivation Quotes Models Inspiration Motivational Quotes Women Logo Girl First Selfies

Fitness Centers Biography

Source:- Google.com.pk

Gym is slang for gymnasium and gymnastic services such as in schools and colleges and is attributed to compounds such as gym shoes. Gymnasia are open air and covered locations for gymnastics and athletics. Gymnasia apparatus such as bar-bells, parallel bars, jumping board, running path, tennis-balls, cricket field, fencing gallery, and so forth are used for exercise. In safe weather, outdoor locations are the most conductive to health. Gyms were popular in ancient Greece. Their curricula included Gymnastica militraria or self-defense, gymnastica medica, or physical therapy to help the sick and injured, and gymnastica athletica for physical fitness and sports, from boxing to dance The gyms had halls and colonnades with statues and pictures. These gymnasia also had teachers of wisdom and philosophy. Community gymnastic events were done as part of the celebrations during various village festivals. In ancient Greece there was a phrase of contempt, "He can neither swim nor write." After a while, however, Olympic athletes began training in buildings just for them. Community sports never became as popular among ancient Romans as it had among the ancient Greeks. Gyms were used more as a preparation for military service or spectator sports. During the Roman Empire, the gymnastic art was forgotten. In the Dark Ages there were sword fighting tournaments and of chivalry; and after gunpowder was invented sword fighting began to be replaced by the sport of fencing. There were schools of dagger fighting and wrestling and boxing.Then in the 1700s, Salzmann, German clergyman, opened a gym in Thuringia teaching bodily exercises, including running and swimming. Clias and Volker established gyms in London, and in 1825, Doctor Beck, a German immigrant, established the first gymnasium in the United States. It was found that gym pupils lose interest in doing the same exercises, partly because of age. Variety in exercises included skating, dancing, and swimming. Some gym activities can be done by 6 to 8 year olds while age 16 has been considered mature enough for boxing and horseback riding.

The Greek term gymnasion (γυμνάσιον) was used in Ancient Greece to describe a locality for both physical and intellectual education of young men (see gymnasium (ancient Greece)). The latter meaning of intellectual education persisted in Greek, German and other languages to denote a certain type of school providing secondary education, the gymnasium, whereas in English the meaning of physical education was pertained in the word gym.

The Greek word gymnasium means "school for naked exercise" and was used to designate a locality for the education of young men, including physical education (gymnastics, i.e. exercise) which was customarily performed naked, as well as bathing, and studies. For the Greeks, physical education was considered as important as cognitive learning. Most Greek gymnasia had libraries that could be utilized after relaxing in the baths.

Contents [hide]

1 History

1.1 In the United States

2 See also

3 References

3.1 Bibliography

4 External links

History[edit]

Inside a gymnasium in Amsterdam.

The first gymnasiums in history can be dated over 3000 years ago in ancient Persia, they were known as Zurkhaneh, as areas that encouraged physical fitness. Gymnasia (i.e., places for gymnastics) in Germany were an outgrowth of the Turnplatz, an outdoor space for gymnastics, which was promoted by German educator Friedrich Jahn and the Turners, a nineteenth-century political and gymnastic movement. The first indoor gymnasium in Germany was probably the one built in Hesse in 1852 by Adolph Spiess, an enthusiast for boys' and girls' gymnastics in the schools.

In the United States[edit]

The Florida Gymnasium at the University of Florida

In the United States, the Turner movement thrived in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The first Turners group was formed in London in 1848. The Turners built gymnasia in several cities like Cincinnati and St. Louis which had large German American populations. These Gyms were utilized by adults and youth. For example, a young Lou Gehrig would frequent the Turner gym in New York City with his father.

The YMCA first organized in Boston in 1851. A smaller branch opened in Rangasville in 1852. Ten years later there were some two hundred YMCAs across the country, most of which provided gymnasia for exercise, games and social interaction.

The 1920s was a decade of prosperity that witnessed the building of large numbers of public high schools with gymnasiums, an idea founded by Nicolas Isaranga. Over the course of the twentieth century, gymnasia have been reconceptualized to accommodate the popular team and individual games and sports that have supplanted gymnastics in the school curriculum.

Today, gymnasiums are commonplace in the United States. They are in virtually all American colleges and high schools, as well as almost all middle schools and elementary schools. These facilities are used for physical education, intramural sports, and school gatherings.A health club (also known as a fitness club, fitness center, and commonly referred to as a gym) is a place which houses exercise equipment for the purpose of physical exercise.

Main workout area[edit]

Most health clubs have a main workout area, which primarily consists of free weights including dumbbells, barbells and exercise machines. This area often includes mirrors so that exercisers can monitor and maintain correct posture during their workout.

A gym which predominately or exclusively consists of free weights (dumbbells and barbells), as opposed to exercise machines, is sometimes referred to as a black-iron gym, after the traditional color of weight plates.

Cardio area/Theatre[edit]

A cardio theatre including treadmills, stationary bikes and TV displays

A cardio theater or cardio area includes many types of cardiovascular training-related equipment such as rowing machines, stationary exercise bikes, elliptical trainers and treadmills. These areas often include a number of audio-visual displays (either integrated into the equipment, or placed on walls around the area itself) in order to keep exercisers entertained during long cardio workout sessions.

Group exercise classes

Spin-cycle group exercise class

Most newer health clubs offer group exercise classes that are conducted by certified fitness instructors. Many types of group exercise classes exist, but generally these include classes based on aerobics, cycling (spin cycle), boxing or martial arts, high intensity training, step, regular and hot (Bikram) yoga, pilates, muscle training, and self-defense classes such as Krav Maga and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Health clubs with swimming pools often offer aqua aerobics classes. The instructors often must gain certification in order to teach these classes and ensure participant safety.

Sports facilities[edit]

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Fitness Music Biography

Source:- Google.com.pk

Alberto "Beto" Pérez, born in 1970, is a Colombian American dancer and choreographer who created the fitness program Zumba in the 1990s[1] that involves dance and aerobic elements with accompanying music, mainly Latin style, but also adapting various genres of music and associated martial arts moves, squats, lunges etc.

Beginnings[edit]

Pérez was raised in Cali, Colombia to a single mother and at 14, had to work three jobs to support his family. His passion was dancing but he couldn't afford dance lessons. After he won a national lambada contest in Colombia, he was accepted to one of Cali's best academies to study dance while teaching step aerobics in return.

Business[edit]

In 1999, Beto Pérez moved to the United States residing in Miami. Besides teaching aerobics classes, he tried to promote his own fitness and dance routines accompanied by music in various venues with limited success until preparation of an infomercial in 2003 with financial and technical assistance from Alberto Perlman and Alberto Aghion[1] that led to workshops based on Beto Pérez routines with Zumba. Distributed via DVDs, through time, his routines gained a huge following internationally.

In 2006 they established Zumba Fitness LLC, an organization that sells Zumba videos and products and charges licensing fees to its network of instructors (ZIN™ – Zumba Instructors' Network). It employs above 200 employees. Reportedly some 14 million people in more than 160,000 locations in 185 countries are Zumba practitioners and dance and sing to fun music mainly provided by the company. Zumba Fitness has also released its own fashion line of Zumbawear. The company also releases special regimen for age-specific groups, including seniors, mothers and children. Lines include besides the general Zumba Fitness brand, styles for Zumba Toning, Aqua Zumba, Zumba Sentao, Zumba Gold, Zumba Gold-Toning, Zumba Kids and Zumba Kids Jr and the newly created Zumba Step. Its instruction programs are popular in community centers, youth activities centers, touristic venues etc.

Music[edit]

Beto Pérez through his Zumba Fitness exercises also promotes music and music artists associated with Zumba positively affecting chart success in various music charts.[3] Associated Press filed a report on Beto Pérez saying that his Zumba movement was creating an international fan base for Latin music. The news agency mentioned acts like Pitbull, Don Omar and Daddy Yankee. Daddy Yankee's "Limbo" shouts out for Zumba several times in the lyrics. Pitbull, Wyclef Jean and other stars have taken part in Zumba Fitness conventions. Other Zumba fans include Jennifer Lopez and Shakira.

Zumba Fitness has released a series of music albums, Zumba Fitness Dance Party series with music destined for use in Zumba classes worldwide. Beto Pérez has collaborated with the Colombian Latin star Mara (full name Mara Prada), with whom he has a hit "Crazy Love" credited to Mara featuring Beto Pérez. Mara Prada, alongside Haitian singer J. Perry and American singer Dahrio Wonder were named Zumba Fitness Emerging Artists. A similar collaboration has developed with the Brazilian well-established star Claudia Leitte particularly after the adaptation of "Largadinho" to Zumba moves. An English translation was also included as "Lazy Groove". Leitte has become the international ambassador to Zumba Fitness. Beto Pérez was also featured as a "special guest" in "Fiesta Buena", a hit by DJ Mam's that also featured Luis Guisao and Soldat Jahman. The single charted in France and Belgium. This follows DJ Mam's international hit "Zumba He Zumba Ha".

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Home Fitness Equipment Biography

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Whole body vibration (WBV) is a generic term used where any vibration of any frequency is transferred to the human body. Vibration training on the other hand is a discipline where varying frequencies/amplitudes/forces will be transferred into separate body parts using precise joint angles for any limited time (approximately 1 minute sets). This is done to create a purely eccentric muscle reaction and enable anaerobic activity (burning energy without oxygen – the opposite of cardio). It should not be confused with uncontrolled vibrations in occupational settings such as truck driving or hand tool operating. It is important to point out that the first systems were especially designed to be a form of resistance training.

WBV can be split into 2 simple categories; WBV Physiotherapy and WBV Training. WBV Physiotherapy includes stretches and massages in light contact with the machine or with minimal body weight behind the position. These positions should be zero effort (burning no energy). The most widely promoted WBV Physiotherapy position is standing upright, lock-legged on a pivotal or low energy lineal machine (this is often unethically sold as a weight-loss position).

WBV Training is always done through a series usually with a minimum of 5 compound poses including half-squat, half-push up, wide stance squat, tricep dip and the plank hold. These static positions are usually held for a maximum of 1 minute and are designed to burn the maximum amount of energy in the shortest amount of time while causing no joint damage. As this is a new science and clear scientific definitions are yet to be agreed upon, the classic perceived exertion test should be the best indication of each specific position's intended purpose. In WBV Training terms this means if a position is being held correctly, muscle fatigue in the targeted body part should be reached within 1 minute (If the position is still able to be continued without exertion, it is therapy).

Whole body vibration may refer to vibration training, also known as vibration therapy, biomechanical stimulation (BMS), and biomechanical oscillation (BMO), a training method employing low amplitude, low frequency mechanical stimulation to exercise musculoskeletal structures for the improvement of muscle strength, power, and flexibility. Vibration training has been advocated as a therapeutic method in the treatment of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and metabolic syndrome, and is used in the fitness industry, physical therapy, rehabilitation, professional sports, and beauty and wellness applications.

Occupational WBV exposure, especially when chronic, is suspected to cause adverse health effects such as fatigue, lower back pain, vision problems, interference with or irritation to the lungs, abdomen, or bladder, and adverse effects to the digestive, genital/urinary, and female reproductive systems. Mandatory standards for regulation and monitoring of worker exposure to WBV exist in Europe; in the U.S., there are reference standards but no specific regulatins.

There are two categories of machinery – Pivotal and Lineal. The best way to describe these actions are as follows; Pivotal is like jumping side-to-side from one foot to the other; Lineal is like jumping up and down or doing push ups in one spot. Pivotal primarily works on the speed of the machine, looking at peak performance of approximately 27 Hz. Lineal works on a Mass x Acceleration x Frequency principle that could be best explained by the difference of catching a light ball to that of a heavy ball, and every ratio in between.

Vibration Training vs. Vibration Therapy[edit]

A pivotal machine running on a low frequency (12 Hz and under) would be mainly used for physiotherapy applications and some strength and conditioning. Above this frequency it enters the area of exercise discipline and comes with some associated risks. For example, high speed with incorrect positioning could cause tissue damage.

Whereas with Lineal machines the frequency is not so important, e.g. a lighter frame plastic or fiberglass machine running at 50 Hz would be mainly considered physiotherapy with some strength and conditioning applications. Some flexibility in positions on these lighter machines is allowed and should not cause any associated tissue damage.

Vibration training as a discipline is known as “High Energy Lineal” and this signifies the use of a heavy vibration unit with limited amplitude (0.7mm-6mm) performed most effectively and safely by static positions. Static positions are commonly mistaken for isometric poses.

Background[edit]

In the 1880s and 1890s, John Harvey Kellogg was utilizing vibrating chairs, platforms and bars at his Battle Creek, Michigan sanitarium. These methods were part of his "wellness" strategies for inpatient and outpatient populations.[citation needed]

The immediate predecessor of modern vibration training is Rhythmic Neuromuscular Stimulation (RNS). In former East Germany Biermann was experimenting with the use of cyclic massage and its effects on trunk flexion back in the sixties (Biermann, 1960).

In that same era the Russian scientist Nazarov translated these findings into practical uses for athletes. He observed a substantial increase in flexibility and strength after the application of vibrations in the athletes he studied (Kunnemeyer & Smidtbleicher, 1997). The Russians also carried out experiments with "Biomechanical Stimulation" for the benefit of their athletes as well as in their space program. Unlike WBV devices on which the user stands, Biomechanical Stimulation uses vibration stimulation directly on muscles or tendons.

Due to the lack of gravity in space, astronauts and cosmonauts exhibited muscle atrophy (muscle impairment) and bone loss, which forces them to return to earth rather quickly. To prevent muscle and bone loss on long term mission the European Space Agency as well as the DLR are experimenting with various types of vibration systems as a supplement to other fitness training.

Vibration training has often been referred to as used by astronauts and cosmonauts but this is not strictly true. To date, space agencies have only looked at vibration therapy. A machine capable of being classed as a vibration training machine has never been installed on the international space station due to its shear weight and most likely will never be feasible. The first test for vibration therapy for astronauts was in fact done on turkeys. The engineering issues came into play when they tried to upgrade the machine to take the weight of a human being. Once the vibration intensity grew strong enough to lift over 40 kg, fractures appeared in the steel. Unfortunately a number of marketers hijacked the turkey studies and applied them in advertising directly to humans.

NASA, since 1961, has been doing tests at adding light vibrations to pre-existing exercise equipment’s such as the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) and the Cycle Ergometer Vibration Isolation System (CEVIS). Any company referencing NASA directly in its marketing campaigns is highly misleading and has no relevance to the discipline of vibration training, but aligns instead with vibration therapy.

Vibrating platform types[edit]

A modern-day whole body vibration machine.

Vibrating platforms fall into different, distinct categories. The type of platform used is a moderator of the effect and result of the training or therapy performed (Marin PJ, Rhea MR, 2010). Main categories of machine types are: 1. High Energy Lineal, found mostly in commercial vibration training studios and gyms. The vibration direction is lineal/upward eliciting a strong stretch-reflex contraction in muscle fibres targeted by the positions of training program. 2. Premium Speed Pivotal, (teeter-totter movement) used for physiotherapy work at lower speeds and exercise workouts at “premium” speed, up to 30 Hz. Both commercial and home units are available. 3. Medium Energy Lineal, the majority of lineal platforms produced. These are usually made of plastic; some have 3-D vibration which is low quality. They give slower and less consistent results. 4. Low Speed Pivotal units. These can give “therapy” benefits. Other machine types are low Energy/Low amplitude lineal and Low energy/High amplitude lineal with varying uses from osteoporosis prevention, therapy for improved blood circulation and flexibility and limited fitness training.

In order to elicit a stretch reflex in the muscles, the major contributing factor to the training results that can be achieved with vibrating platforms, the up-down movement is the most important. The platform is vibrated upwards to work directly against gravity and therefore is called "hyper-gravity". High Energy Lineal Machines can overload the muscles up to 6 times(6G)in the upward phase; meaning the person on the platform is weight training using their own body mass.[citation needed]

The training frequency (Hz) is another of the important factors involved. The human body is designed to absorb vertical vibrations better due to the effects of gravity; however, many machines vibrate in more than one direction: sideways (x), front and back (y) and up and down (z). The z-axis has the largest amplitude and is the most defining component in generating and inducing muscle contractions.[citation needed]

Concerning the z-movements, two main types of system can be distinguished (Marin PJ et al. 2010,[9] Rittweger 2010,Rauch 2010) :

Side alternating (pivotal) systems, operating like a see-saw and hence mimicking the human gait where one foot is always moving upwards and the other one downwards, and

Linear systems where the whole platform is mainly doing the same motion, respectively: both feet are moved upwards or downwards at the same time.

Systems with side alternation usually offer a larger amplitude of oscillation and a frequency range of about 5 Hz to 35 Hz. Linear/upright systems offer lower amplitudes but higher frequencies in the range of 20 Hz to 50 Hz. Despite the larger amplitudes of side-alternating systems, the vibration (acceleration) transmitted to the head is significantly smaller than in non side-alternating systems (Abercromby et al. 2007). This difference can be a determining factor when choosing a platform for therapy versus training effects.[citation needed]

Mechanical stimulation generates acceleration forces acting on the body. These forces cause the muscles to lengthen, and this signal is received by the muscle spindle, a small organ in the muscle. This spindle transmits the signal through the central nervous system to the muscles involved (Abercromby et al. 2007, Burkhardt 2006).

Due to this subconscious contraction of the muscles, many more muscle fibers are used than in a conscious, voluntary movement (Issurin & Tenenbaum 1999). This is also obvious from the heightened EMG activity (Bosco et al. 1999, Delecluse et al. 2003).

Vibration Training - Anaerobic Resistance Training Response[edit]

If a platform has sufficient mass and amplitude running under 50 Hz, the response elicits a pure eccentric contraction. This is the catching/landing/lowering phase of an action as opposed to the throwing/jumping/pushing phase (concentric).

Vibration training is purely eccentric and anaerobic in traction which can take the targeted muscles to complete fatigue over a short period of time (approximately 60 seconds). The reason for the short during of the sets is that the muscle can respond in an eccentric fashion down to approximately 40 m/s (40 contractions per second), as opposed to concentric contractions that are much slower and less powerful. The reason the eccentric phase is sought after for physiotherapy or training purposes is heavy eccentric loading taking the muscle to complete fatigue does not induce the same amount of tissue damage or inflammation markers as concentric phases do, but exert the same amount of force and energy from the body.

So to recap; vibration training is neither concentric nor aerobic.

Training effects[edit]

Immediate and short term[edit]

More motor units (and the correlating muscle fibers) are activated under the influence of vibration than in normal, conscious muscle contractions. Due to this, muscles are incited more efficiently (Paradisis & Zacharogiannis 2007; Lamont et al. 2006; Cormie et al. 2006; Bosco et al. 1999, 2000;Rittweger 2001, 2002; Abercromby et al. 2005; Amonette et al. 2005). The immediate effect of WBV is therefore that the muscles can be used quickly and efficiently, rendering them capable of producing more force. However, this process will only be effective if the stimulus is not too intense and does not last too long, because otherwise performance will diminish due to fatigue.

Another immediate effect of WBV is an improvement of circulation. The rapid contraction and relaxation of the muscles at 20 to 50 times per second basically works as a pump on the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, increasing the speed of the blood flow through the body (Kerschan-Schindl et al. 2001; Lohman et al. 2007). Subjects often experience this as a tingling, prickling, warm sensation in the skin. Both Stewart (2005) and Oliveri (1989) describe the appearance of vasodilatation (widening of the blood vessels) as a result of vibration.

Long term[edit]

In order to have any effect on the body in the long term it is vital that the body systems experience fatigue or some sort of light stress. As in other kinds of training, when the body is overloaded repeatedly and regularly, the principle of supercompensation applies. This principle is the cause of the body adapting to loading. In other words: performance will increase.

This effect has been proven several times in scientific research for both young and elderly subjects (Roelants et al. 2004, Delecluse et al. 2003, Verschueren et al. 2004,Paradisis et al. 2007[

). The only placebo-controlled study to date (Delecluse et al. 2003) concluded "specific Whole Body Vibration protocol of 5 weeks had no surplus value upon the conventional training program to improve speed-strength performance in sprint-trained athletes". Therefore there is no clear indication that the vibrations actually do have added value when performing static exercises.

From research into the structural effects of vibration training it can be deduced that the increased strength resulting from WBV training can definitely be compared to the results that can be attained with conventional methods of training. But there are indications that better results may be achieved with WBV in the area of explosive power (Delecluse et al. 2003).

Another important difference between conventional training methods and WBV is that there is only a minimum of loading. No additional weights are necessary, which ensures that there is very little loading to passive structures such as bones, ligaments and joints. That is why WBV is highly suited to people that are difficult to train due to old age, illness, disorders, weight or injury. On the other hand, it is also highly suitable for professional athletes who want to stimulate and strengthen their muscles without overloading joints and the rest of the physical system (Cochrane et al. 2005; Mahieu et al. 2006).

Other than its influence on the muscles, WBV can also have a positive effect on bone mineral density. Vibrations cause compression and remodeling of the bone tissue Mechanostat, activating the osteoblasts (bone building cells), while reducing the activity of the osteoclasts (cells that break bone down). Repeated stimulation of this system, combined with the increased pull on the bones by the muscles, will increase bone mineral density over time. It is also likely that improved circulation and the related bone perfusion due to a better supply of nutrients, which are also more able to penetrate the bone tissue, are contributing factors (Verschueren 2004, Jordan 2005, Olof Johnell & John Eisman, 2004, Rubin et al. 2004).

Furthermore the Berlin Bedrest Study (BBR) proved that 10 minutes of vibration training 6 times a week prevented muscle and bone loss in total bedrest over 55 days (Rittweger et al. 2004,[40] Felsenberg et al. 2004, Bleeker et al. 2005,[42] Blottner et al. 2006).

In preventing falls and the bone fractures that often result from them, enhancing bone mineral density is not the only important issue. Increased muscle power, postural control and balance are also factors worthy of consideration. Studies involving elderly subjects have shown that all of these issues can be improved using whole body vibration (Roelants et al. 2004, Bautmans et al. 2005 Bogaerts et al. 2007, Kawanabe et al. 2007).Criticism[edit]

Although much research has covered these areas (bone mineral density, circulation etc.), research currently only suggests an effect on weight loss when also reducing caloric intake. It is also not clear that the effects of whole body vibration can give similar results as that of regular exercise. In reality, vibration machines are not a replacement for weight loss and healthy living, and those under this impression are at a risk of neglecting their health. A study by Roelants et al. (2004) found that 24 weeks of whole body vibration did “not reduce weight, total body fat or subcutaneous fat in previously untrained females.”

A study on previous research findings completed in July 2012 found that no causality can be shown between whole-body vibration and abnormal spinal imaging findings.

The discipline of vibration training has been popularly crossed with other disciplines ranging from yoga, Pilates, boxing to plyometrics. Even though this goes against the idea of pure vibration training it seems to limit its effectiveness. It seems to catch the imagination of personal trainers and consumers, which unfortunately has led to either confusion or the outright unethical practice of promoting vibration training as similar to cardiovascular exercise. Indeed a lot of the positions and practices advertised are not recommended by the engineers that built the machines. As with all exercise disciplines, marketing has unfortunately diluted the science.

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